Monday, March 26, 2012
国君进贤
孟子曰：国君进贤，如不得已 ，将使卑逾尊，疏逾戚。可不慎与 ！左右皆曰贤 ，未可也；诸大夫皆曰贤 ，未可也；国人皆曰贤 ，然后察之 ；见贤焉，然后用之。左右皆曰不可 ，勿听；诸大夫皆曰不可 ，勿听；国人皆曰不可 ，然后察之；见不可焉，然后去之。
When recruiting officials, avoid choosing those from upper echelons and those who are closely related to you. If those within your circle are in favor of someone, don't listen; if the people are in favor of someone, observe him and if he is wise, recruit him. If those within your circle are not in favor of someone, don't listen; if the people are not in favor of someone, observe him yourself, if he is no good, let him go.
�い by さだまさし
作詩・作曲：さだまさし
月末になると ゆうちゃんは薄い給料袋の封も切らずに
必ず横町の角にある郵便局へとび込んでゆくのだった
仲間はそんな彼をみてみんな貯金が趣味のしみったれた奴だと
飲んだ勢いで嘲笑っても ゆうちゃんはニコニコ笑うばかり
僕だけが知っているのだ 彼はここへ来る前にたった一度だけ
たった一度だけ哀しい誤ちを犯してしまったのだ
配達帰りの雨の夜 横断歩道の人影に
ブレーキが間にあわなかった 彼はその日とても疲れてた
人殺し あんたを許さないと 彼をののしった
被害者の奥さんの涙の足元で
彼はひたすら大声で泣き乍ら
ただ頭を床にこすりつけるだけだった
それから彼は人が変わった 何もかも
忘れて 働いて 働いて
償いきれるはずもないが せめてもと
毎月あの人に仕送りをしている
今日ゆうちゃんが僕の部屋へ 泣き乍ら走り込んで来た
しゃくりあげ乍ら 彼は一通の手紙を抱きしめていた
それは事件から数えてようやく七年目に初めて
あの奥さんから初めて彼宛に届いた便り
「ありがとう あなたの優しい気持ちは とてもよくわかりました
だから どうぞ送金はやめて下さい あなたの文字を見る度に
主人を思い出して辛いのです あなたの気持ちはわかるけど
それよりどうかもう あなたご自身の人生をもとに戻してあげて欲しい」
手紙の中身はどうでもよかった それよりも
償いきれるはずもない あの人から
返事が来たのが ありがたくて ありがたくて
ありがたくて ありがたくて ありがたくて
神様って 思わず僕は叫んでいた
彼は許されたと思っていいのですか
来月も郵便局へ通うはずの
やさしい人を許してくれて ありがとう
人間って哀しいね だってみんなやさしい
それが傷つけあって かばいあって
何だかもらい泣きの涙が とまらなくて
とまらなくて とまらなくて とまらなくて
Outwitting the devil -- Napoleon hill
The devil's devices to control men: negative thoughts
(1) Fear -- of poverty, criticism, ill health, loss of love, old age, death
(2) ignorance -- Poverty discourages man from thinking and make him easy prey for the devil. Some wealthy men serve the devil's cause by the way they use their wealth.
(3) habit of drifting -- drifters allow themselves to be influenced by circumstances or others without thinking through things themselves. Drifting destroys the power of individual initiative.
A drifter -- lack major purpose in life, lack self-confidence, never accomplish anything requiring thought and effort, spends all he earns and more (if can get credit), sick or ailing to real or imaginary illness, no imagination, lack enthusiasm, ill-tempered, will not attract people to him, have opinions on everything but accurate knowledge of nothing, can't cooperate, repeat same mistakes, narrow minded and not open to criticism, eat too much and exercise little, criticize but no suggestion,
(4) destroy the power to think
Nature does not need one's consent in order to place him under the spell of hypnotic rhythm. It needs only to find him off guard, through any form of neglect to use his own mind.
Any successful attempts to break the habit of drifting must be done before nature makes the habit permanent, through hypnotic rhythm.
The 9 doors to human minds
Fear, superstitions, avarice, greed, lust, revenge, anger, vanity, laziness
Laziness + indifference = procrastination = drifting
(5) flattery -- vanity + egotism
(6) propaganda
Bribes utilized to get into people's mind:
Love, thirst for sex, covetousness for money, desire to gain something for nothing, vanity, egotism , desire to be the master of others, desire for intoxicants and narcotics, desire for self-expression through words and deeds, desire to imitate others, desire for perpetuation of life after death, desire to be hero, desire for physical food ......
The non-drifter takes from life whatever he wants, but he takes it on his own terms. The drifter takes whatever he can get, but he takes what he gets on my terms -- devil.
Every principle of good carries with it the seed of an equivalent danger.
7 principles to attain spiritual, mental, and physical freedom:
1. Definiteness of purpose
2. Mastery over self
Self discipline -- (a) food, (b) sex, (c) speech without accurate thinking
3. Learning from adversity
Every adversity brings with it the seeds of an equivalent advantage
Failure is man made. When you accept temporary setback as permanent, then it becomes failure.
Failure breaks the grip of hypnotic rhythm and frees the mind for a fresh start
4. Controlling environmental influence (associations)
Stay away from negative sources!
5. Time (giving permanency to positive, rather than negative thought-habits and developing wisdom)
Time is the law of hypnotic rhythm. The lapse of time is required to give permanency (during the life if the individual) to thought-habits
Wisdom comes only to non-drifters who form positive thought-habits as a dominating force in their lives.
6. Harmony (acting with definiteness of purpose to become the dominating influence in your own mental, spiritual, and physical environment)
The proper relationship is one that brings to all connected with it, or affected by it, some form of benefit.
7. Caution (thinking through your plan before you act)
If you just drift into the next thing without thinking, you are likely to get yourself into a bad position very soon.
You are where you are and what you are because of your thoughts and your deeds.
Everything having a real existence is capable of proof
The devil controls people by making negative thinking and destructive deeds pleasing to them.
The power of independent thought backed by definiteness of purpose -- the most important requirement to a free life
All negative desires are frustrations of positive desires
Nature will not tolerate idleness or vacuum of any sort. All space must be and is filled with something ... When the individual does not use the brain for the expression of positive, creative thoughts, nature fills the vacuum by forcing the brain to act upon negative thoughts.
Edward de Bono on Thinking
Is having acute eyesight equivalent to having the ability to look in the right direction?
Intelligence is a potential. The way we use that potential is "thinking skill". Believing that intelligence is enough is dangerous.
Intelligent people can process information faster but it does not mean they have better thinking skills.
Intelligent traps --
(1) defense -- Ability to defend vigorously does not imply the validity of a position
(2) attack -- using superior intelligence to attack others thinking (showing how relatively stupid others are) is an ego boosting activity, a primitive form of aggression carried out with less primitive means.
(3) intelligent people understand and they play well the game in which they are placed. They become excellent in understanding and analysis but never develop the skill to design.
(4) intelligent people likes to have everything under control. He likes to proceed step by step, in logical progression. It's difficult to be creative in this mode.
(5) intelligent people sees more risks than others and therefore less ready to go into action mode.
Intelligent tests were initially used for identifying below average students so that they get more attention. IQ test tells you how good a person is in doing the IQ test. It does not tell you how well the person can think.
Gang of Three thinking skills:
Socrates -- argument
Plato -- ultimate truth
Aristotle -- box logic (either in or out of box)
G3 thinking methods work well in many situations, like science and technology, but inadequate and dangerous in some areas, like human affairs.
Argument -- inefficient way to explore a subject. When arguing between possibility A and B, there is no effort in designing other possibilities like C, D or E. It's about attacking and defending, winning and losing an argument. It's about ego and emotion.
Godel's Theorem says that from within any system you can never logically prove the starting points, which are arbitrary perceptions and arbitrary values.
Truth -- what is truth is just a perspective shared by many. 90% of errors in thinking are errors in perception, not errors in logic. (David Perkins)
Perceptual tools:
(1) PMI -- plus, minus, interesting (pros, cons, interesting points of a suggestion)
(2) C&S -- consequence and sequel (near, medium, long term effect/impact)
(3) OPV -- other people's view
Universities should also be teaching:
-- thinking skills
-- people skills
-- management skills
Universities are all about 'what is' -- knowledge, information, descriptions of things. These are important and essential.
Equally important is dealing with 'what can be'. It's about how you can bring things about.
Creativity is a kind of thinking skill. It can be learnt. Creative ideas always look logical in hindsight.
Education has always about literacy and numeracy. We need 'operacy', which is the skills of doing.
Analysis is not enough. Analysis leads to understanding, not necessarily lead to action.
There is only one form of stupidity -- arrogance.
You can analyze the past but you have to design the future.
Pattern -- if at every moment the next step has a higher probability of being taken than any other step, then you are on a pattern.
The brain is a self organizing information system. Incoming information organizes itself into patterns. The patterns formed in our brain determine our future perceptions.
Basic processes in thinking
1. Broad/specific -- move back and forth from broad to specific and back
2. Projection -- we can't check everything out and so projection is needed. But, need to know that our projection might be wrong due to insufficient info.
3. Attention directing -- depending on what caught our attention will limit the amount of information we get. Need to direct attention to look for info. (read 6 frames).
4. Recognition and fit -- we need to be mindful of the pattern we recognize and fit what we see. Fitting a pattern does not automatically makes something 'correct'.
5. Movement -- how to move forward from this position?
CoRT program
CoRT1 -- breadth
CoRT2 -- organization
CoRT3 -- interaction
CoRT4 -- creativity
CoRT5 -- information and feeling
CoRT6 -- action
CoRT1 tools:
1. PMI -- (+, -, interesting)
2. CAF -- Consider All Factors
3. C&S -- consequences and sequels -- time scale factor
4. AGO -- Aims, Goals, Objectives
5. FIP -- First Important Priorities
6. APC -- Alternatives, Possibilities, Choices
7. OPV -- Other People's Views
The 5 stages of thinking
________
TO LO |
----- PO |_____
| SO GO
------------
TO -- aim, objective (where do I want to go TO?)
Thinking action :
Define the purpose of your thinking
Redefine the purpose
Alternative definitions
Smaller definition
Larger definition
Breaking it down to smaller purposes
Change the purpose of your thinking
What is the 'right' definition? It is often seen in hindsight
- If u are interested in new ideas, do not put constraints an qualifiers into purpose definition.
- If u are interested in new ideas but do not have the time, put a few constraints and qualifiers into the purpose definition but do not overload it.
- the constraints and qualifiers should always be available in the information stage. Even if you are going to ignore them in the next stage.
-- in the assessment stage the constraints and qualifiers must be used in order to end up with a practical usable idea. Challenge these constraints and qualifiers.
LO -- information available and needed, perceptions
What information do we need?
Search for info should be broad base.
Sometimes, need to have a hypothesis to help the search.
Perceptions and values are important in this stage
PO -- possibilities
Do not mistaken possibility for the truth.
3 levels of possibility: possibility, fantasy, provocation
This is the creative, productive and generative stage.
4 broad approaches:
* search for routine - traditional approach as we seek to identify the situation and appropriate actions
* general approach - concept fan, work backwards from desired results
* creative approach - lateral thinking techniques to generate ideas
* design and assembly - lay out needs and ingredients in parallel and design ways to move forward
SO -- narrowing down, choosing, conclusion
The sequence within the SO stage:
* Development stage -- modify, build and improve [shaping, tailoring, strengthening, practicality, acceptance, cost, simplify]
* Evaluation and assessment stage -- examine each ideas, pros and cons and difficulties, feasibility
* Choice stage -- reduce to several choices, priority,
* Decision stage -- decide whether to go ahead and which idea, risks involved
[who decides? how many stages in deciding? what is the frame for the decision?]
[who needs this decision? Do we need to decide? What if we wait?]
[is there pressure to make the decision?]
GO -- action steps
It is a mistake to think that action is someone else's business. Thinkers and doers are not to be separated. "operacy" is as important as numeracy and literacy.
Action can be divided into:
- this I can do
- this depends on an outcome (if-box)
If-box may mean:
- asking for info,
- asking someone to do something,
- a search which may or may not be successful
Action planning involves a few stages.
(see 6 action shoes)
Implementation stages and sub-objectives -- monitor and checks
routine or flexible actions, fall back positions
People factor - motivation, persuasion, acceptance, obstructions, incentives and expectations, effectiveness, task forces, experts,
Energy of action -- sources?
Design to plug into systems that can provide the energy of action.
Amplification (read Tactics) -- through outsourcing, alliances, cooperation,
The 5 stages of thinking is not a one way process. Some backward movements are allowed. However, over doing the back and forth will cause the set stages to lose effectiveness.
On history --
"if you do not learn the mistakes of history you are doomed to repeat them" -- Santayana
"if you learn the successes of history you are doomed to be trapped by them" -- De Bono
Evolution fits the needs of the past not the needs of the future.
Evolution can optimize on the present and the past but not on the future.for that you need design.
De Bono's Law
'Any system with an input of information spaced out over time, and the periodic need to make the best use of available information, will always be sub-optimal.'
(because the sequence of arrival of the information plays too large a part in it's disposition)
We need simple ways of dealing with complexity rather than complex ways of dealing with simplicity.
茨木のり子
ぱさぱさに乾いてゆく心を
ひとのせいにはするな
みずから水やりを怠っておいて
��しくなってきたのを
友人のせいにはするな
しなやかさを失ったのはどちらなのか
苛立つのを
近�のせいにはするな
なにもかも下手だったのはわたくし
初心消えかかるのを
暮らしのせいにはするな
そもそもが ひよわな志しにすぎなかった
�目なことの一切を
�代のせいにはするな
わずかに光る尊�の放�
自分の感受性くらい
自分で守れ
ばかものよ
●倚（よ)りかからず --- 茨木のり子 ※73�の作品
もはや
できあいの思想には倚りかかりたくない
もはや
できあいの宗教には倚りかかりたくない
もはや
できあいの学�には倚りかかりたくない
もはや
いかなる�威にも倚りかかりたくはない
ながく生きて
心底学んだのはそれぐらい
じぶんの耳目
じぶんの二本足のみで立っていて
なに不都合のことやある
倚りかかるとすれば
それは
椅子の背もたれだけ
●わたしが一番きれいだったとき --- 茨木のり子
わたしが一番きれいだったとき
街々はがらがらと崩れていって
とんでもないところから
青空なんかが�えたりした
わたしが一番きれいだったとき
まわりの人�が�山死んだ
工�で 海で 名もない�で
わたしはおしゃれのきっかけを落としてしまった
わたしが一番きれいだったとき
�もやさしい�り物を捧げてはくれなかった
男たちは�手の礼しか知らなくて
きれいな眼差だけを残し皆（みな）�っていった
わたしが一番きれいだったとき
わたしの�はからっぽで
わたしの心はかたくなで
手足ばかりが栗色に光った
わたしが一番きれいだったとき
わたしの国は�争で�けた
そんな�鹿なことってあるものか
ブラウスの腕をまくり卑屈な町をのし�いた
わたしが一番きれいだったとき
ラジオからはジャズが溢れた
禁�を破ったときのようにくらくらしながら
わたしは�国の甘い音�をむさぼった
わたしが一番きれいだったとき
わたしはとてもふしあわせ
わたしはとてもとんちんかん
わたしはめっぽうさびしかった
だから�めた できれば�生きすることに
年とってから凄く美しい�を描いた
フランスのルオ��さんのように ね
●知命 -- 茨木のり子
他のひとがやってきて
この小包の� どうしたら
ほどけるかしらと言う
他のひとがやってきては
こんがらかった糸の束
なんとかしてよ と言う
�で切れいと�言するが
肯じない
仕方なく手�う もそもそと
生きてるよしみに
こういうのが生きてるってことの
おおよそか それにしてもあんまりな
まきこまれ
ふりまわされ
くたびれはてて
ある日 卒然と悟らされる
もしかしたら たぶんそう
�山のやさしい手が添えられたのだ
一人で�理してきたと思っている
わたくしの�つかの��点にも
今日までそれと�づかせぬほどのさりげなさで
●�屋 -- 茨木のり子
人が
�まなくなると
家は
たちまちに蚕食される
何者かの手によって
待ってました！ とばかりに
つるばらは伸び放�
�々はふてくされていやらしく繁茂
ふしぎなことに柱さえ はや投げの表情だ
�丈そうにみえた木� ひきちぎられ
あっというまに草ぼうぼう 温�にむれ
魑魅魍�をひきつれて
何者かの手荒く占�する�配
�さえなく
吹きさらしの
�炉�の在りかのみ それと知られる
山中の�居
ゆくりなく ゆきあたり 寒�だつ
波の底にかつての�所�を
�てしまったときのように
人が
家に
�む
それは�えず何者かと
果敢に�っていることかもしれぬ
●ぎらりと光るダイヤのような日 --- 茨木のり子
短い生涯
とてもとても短い生涯
六十年か七十年の
お百姓はどれほど田植えをするのだろう
コックはパイをどれ位�くのだろう
教�は同じことをどれ位しゃべるのだろう
世界に�れを告げる日に
ひとは一生をふりかえって
じぶんが本当に生きた日が
あまりにすくなかったことに�くだろう
本当に生きた日は人によって
たしかに�う
ぎらりと光るダイヤのような日は
��の朝であったり
アトリエの夜であったり
果��のまひるであったり
未明のスクラムであったりするのだ
A short life -- by Ibaraki Noriko
a really short life
of 60 or 70 years
how much crops can a farmer produce?
how many pies can a chef make?
how many times can a teacher repeat his lecture?
when our time is up
as we review our life
we will be shocked to realize
so few are the days in which we had really lived
what is a really-lived day?
it depends on the individual
a day sparkled like diamonds could be
a day when a criminal is executed
a night spent gazing at stars
an afternoon in the park
or early morning rush hour scramble